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As it wraps up its latest session, the United States Supreme Court has delivered a series of significant rulings that span crucial topics, such as healthcare access and educational content in schools.

On a pivotal Friday in June 2025, the Court announced its final judgments for the term before a prolonged summer recess, with the nine justices set to reconvene in October.

Notably, a landmark decision favored the administration of former President Donald Trump, as the conservative majority—comprised of six justices—ruled to restrict the power of courts to issue universal injunctions that could halt executive actions on a national scale.

Trump has long criticized such injunctions, framing them as challenges to his executive authority.

In addition, the conservative bloc united for further rulings, allowing parents to exclude their children from school materials that contain LGBTQ themes, while also supporting legislation in Texas that restricts minors’ access to online pornography.

Interestingly, a ruling regarding healthcare access saw some conservative justices align with their liberal counterparts. Here are the highlights from the Supreme Court’s final decisions of the 2024 term.

Court Upholds Preventive Care Mandates

In Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, the Supreme Court’s usual ideological lines were blurred.

A trio of conservative justices—Amy Coney Barrett, Brett Kavanaugh, and Chief Justice John Roberts—joined forces with the Court’s liberal contingent including Sonia Sotomayor, Ketanji Brown Jackson, and Elena Kagan, resulting in a six-to-three ruling.

This case questioned the authority of a government task force to decide which types of preventive healthcare services must be included in insurance plans.

The ruling was part of ongoing legal scrutiny regarding the Affordable Care Act, implemented during former President Barack Obama’s administration to enhance healthcare access.

Focus was placed on a provision of the Act that empowered a panel of health experts within the Department of Health and Human Services to identify preventive services to be covered without cost. A group of individuals and businesses claimed the panel contravened the Appointments Clause, which demands presidential nomination and Senate confirmation for specific political positions.

Despite previous success in halting the task force’s coverage decisions—which included HIV prevention methods—the majority opinion, penned by Justice Kavanaugh, asserted the task force’s constitutionality, indicating its members fell under the designation of “inferior officers” not needing Senate oversight.

Court Affirms Texas’s Age Verification Requirements on Adult Content

States including Texas have instituted age-verification protocols for accessing adult websites, aiming to protect minors from explicit content.

This legislation was scrutinized in the Supreme Court case Free Speech Coalition v. Ken Paxton, brought forth by a nonprofit representing individuals in the adult entertainment sector. They contended that age verification laws infringed upon First Amendment freedoms.

The plaintiffs highlighted risks related to disclosing personal information online, cautioning that sensitive data could be compromised. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) voiced concerns, arguing that Texas’s measures severely limited anonymity for users.

Justice Clarence Thomas, representing the conservative majority, recognized the burdens imposed by age verification on First Amendment expressions. However, he concluded that “adults have no First Amendment right to evade age verification entirely.” Thus, the Court upheld Texas’s age restrictions.

Court Rules on Parental Rights Regarding LGBTQ Content in Schools

The Supreme Court’s conservative supermajority continued to champion religious freedom in Mahmoud v. Taylor, centered around the Montgomery County Board of Education in Maryland, where certain LGBTQ-themed books had been adopted for primary school use.

A children’s book titled *Love, Violet* describes a young girl’s courageous quest to give a Valentine to a classmate, while another, *Pride Puppy*, follows the tale of a child searching for a lost dog at an LGBTQ pride parade.

Parents raised objections based on their religious beliefs, leading to the withdrawal of some books, while the Board initially resisted allowing opt-outs on the basis that it could disrupt the learning environment.

Education officials also claimed that permitting opt-outs might cast a stigma on LGBTQ individuals, who should be recognized as an integral part of society. However, Justice Samuel Alito noted that the Board’s policy sent a message that parental religious views were unwelcome in the purportedly inclusive educational setting.

Court Restricts Nationwide Injunctions

The most consequential ruling emerged from the case Trump v. CASA, concerning the Trump administration’s challenge against the issuance of nationwide injunctions.

The case revolved around an executive order aimed at modifying birthright citizenship, a right protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. Under previous interpretations, almost all individuals born on U.S. soil were granted citizenship, irrespective of their parents’ legal status.

However, Trump’s order sought to limit this right based on whether parents were undocumented immigrants, sparking legal disputes across various states. Federal courts swiftly issued nationwide injunctions blocking the order’s enforcement.

While the Supreme Court refrained from delving into the substance of Trump’s citizenship order, it ruled on the usage of nationwide injunctions, siding with Trump and maintaining they should primarily offer relief specific to the plaintiffs involved, with class actions as a noted exception.

Justice Amy Coney Barrett articulated the Court’s position, emphasizing the necessity of lawful executive governance while also asserting that judicial authority in such matters is not limitless.


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